指弹吉他和古典吉他是完全不同的两种东西吗？来听听莫勒怎么说

7月15日，2019WAGF第一届亚洲原声吉他论坛上，莫勒作为唯一被邀请的古典吉他演奏家在论坛上发表了演讲，为大家分享了他对于指弹吉他和古典吉他的一些看法。

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女士们先生们，各位吉他界的朋友们，

非常荣幸能来参加WAGF啄木鸟原声吉他艺术节。

Guitar这个单词源自于波斯语中的Tar，Tar的意思就是琴弦。所以，从字面上就能看出，Do-tara都塔尔，是两根弦的乐器，而Ses-tar就是一种六根弦的乐器。

两根琴弦的新疆民族乐器「都塔尔」

而Guitar这个单词作为一种乐器的定义，应该是源自15世纪西班牙南部的马拉加Malaga人。在当时，这是一种4跟弦的非常小的吉他，有点像我们今天的尤克里里。

从那时候开始，吉他就一直在不断地发展和变化。按照今天的命名方法，吉他从文艺复兴吉他逐渐发展成为了巴洛克吉他。

油画中的「巴洛克吉他」

直到18世纪末，在意大利终于出现了6根弦的吉他。这种6弦吉他在今天被称为古典吉他，因为它出现的时间刚好是西方音乐史中的古典时期，这种吉他被发明出来的目的是为了服务于古典时期的音乐。正是这种吉他逐渐发展成为了当今我们所熟知的吉他。

在1830年代，德国古典吉他制作家Christian Frederick Martin移民到了美国，不久他创立了C.F. Martin & Co.（马丁吉他公司），首次将X音梁结构应用到了吉他上。大家都知道，X音梁结构的引入使得吉他的面板可以承受更大的拉力，也就让使用钢丝琴弦成为了可能。

几乎在同一时期，西班牙的托雷斯Torres将扇形音梁结构应用到了古典吉他上，同样能让面板承受更大的拉力，并且可以增加音量。不久之后，尼龙弦代替了羊肠弦，进一步增大了古典吉他的音量。

虽然古典吉他和指弹钢弦吉他是吉他发展过程中衍生出的两种不同风格的乐器，但它们也有许多共同点。

古典吉他通常被认为是一个学院派的乐器，你可以通过学习古典吉他而获得古典音乐的学位。

莫勒毕业于英国RCM「皇家音乐学校」

从技术层面上讲，古典吉他和指弹吉他是一样的，只不过古典吉他使用的是尼龙弦，现在也有越来越多的古典吉他开始使用碳纤琴弦。

古典吉他和指弹吉他的不同点不在技巧方面，而在于演奏的音乐风格不同。

如果我们不用古典吉他去演奏学院派的古典音乐，而用它来演奏现代音乐，那么古典吉他和指弹吉他就走到了同一条路上。一些现代派的古典吉他作品经常会用到现代指弹吉他的技巧，比如点弦，演奏中调弦和打板等技巧。

指弹大师Pierre Bensusan的持琴姿势非常古典

吉他可能是世界上最全球化的乐器了，你可以在任何地方见到吉他。吉他是一件非常便于携带的乐器，并且能适应各种不同风格的音乐和文化，当然最常见的形式还是用于为演唱做伴奏。但是当我们使用指弹技巧的时候，我们就可以在一把吉他上同时演奏旋律、低音以及和弦，就像钢琴一样。

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莫勒2019年专辑「吉他上的中国记忆」

我本人一直都对东方音乐非常感兴趣，起初我花了很多年时间在印度音乐上。后来，我发现古典吉他和中国音乐非常般配，所以我改编了很多中国歌曲，也创作了一些中国传统风格的古典吉他音乐。

我现在也开始演奏钢弦吉他了，我发现从尼龙弦吉他到钢弦吉他的过度非常自然。今天，我更愿意把整个吉他世界看成一个整体。

非常希望古典吉他和指弹吉他这两个领域在未来可以有更多的交流！

莫勒和指弹吉他天才少年「刘嘉卓」

演讲稿英文版

Ladies and Gentlemen, boys and girls. 

It is a great pleasure to be here at the Woodpecker Acoustic Guitar festival. 

The word guitar can be traced to its Persian root: Tar. Best understood to mean string. As a Do-tara for example is a two stringed instrument and Ses-tar is a six stringed one. 

But the Guitar as a definition was most likely invented by the people of Malaga in the 15th century. That was a four stringed very small guitar, so more like what we today call a ukulele. 

Ever since the guitar has been in constant development and change. What we call the Renascence guitar became the baroque guitar. The guitar got six strings sometime in the end of the 18th century in Italy. This is now called a classical guitar since it was invented in the “classical” music period and was originally invented to serve the current musical taste. It was from this type of guitar that the type of guitars we know today developed from.

A German luthier of classical guitars Christian Frederick Martin emigrated in 1830s to the USA. Later founding the C.F. Martin & Co. who introduced the X bracing to the market. 

As you know the X bracing later made it possible to start using steel strings, since this construction could then hold the increased tension that the steal strings add. 

Simultaneously Torres in Spain invented the fan bracing for the classical guitar for the same reason which was to increase the volume. Later nylon strings replaced the gut strings which also helped create a louder sound.  

Although Classical Guitar and Finger Picking are two different styles of guitar and developed on their own in two different continents they carry a lot in common. 

Classical Guitar can also be referred to as an academic study, where you get a degree in Classical music. Technically speaking Classical guitar is the same as Fingerpicking only we use a strings from Nylon or nowadays increasingly more popular from Carbon. The difference between Classical and Fingerpicking guitar has more to do with the styles of music we play. 

If we instead of thinking of the Classical guitar as an academic study of music from the past and focus on the contemporary guitar music the finger picking and classical guitar are on the same journey. Modern Classical guitar composition often uses techniques developed by finger pickers such as tapping, retuning and percussive effects. 

The guitar is perhaps one of the most globalized instruments in the world. You today find guitar every where. It's an instrument that travels easily and seem to be able to adapt itself into different styles of music and cultures. Of course mainly being used as an instrument suitable to support singing. But with finger picking techniques like a piano the guitar can provide melody, base and harmony all on one instrument. 

Myself I have been particularly keen on music from the east, first I worked with Indian music for many years, but later I came to find a perfect match for the Classical Guitar making arrangements of Chinese Songs as well as make compositions in the style of Chinese traditional music. 

Myself I also begun playing steel string guitar and have found the transition very easy. Today I am more interested in looking at the guitar as a whole. I do hope that there can be more connection between the two worlds in the future.